Case File #0089
Sep 18, 2026 — 10 rounds, declassified. The fabrication in each is marked; the truth of all three follows. Play today's case →
- Round 1 NATURE
- ✓ TRUE
A firefly's light is produced by a chemical reaction that gives off almost no heat, making it one of the most efficient lights known.
TRUE. Unlike a light bulb, nearly all the energy becomes light rather than heat.
- ✗ FABRICATION
A firefly's glow is produced by friction as it rubs its wings together, much like striking a match.
FALSE. The light comes from a chemical reaction (luciferin and luciferase) in its abdomen, not friction.
- ✓ TRUE
Each firefly species flashes in its own distinctive pattern, helping males and females of the same species find one another.
TRUE. Flash patterns are species-specific mating signals.
- ✓ TRUE
- Round 2 GEOGRAPHY
- ✓ TRUE
Greenland is the world's largest island that is not classified as a continent.
TRUE. Greenland is the biggest island on Earth that isn't a continent.
- ✗ FABRICATION
Australia is officially classified as the world's largest island rather than as a continent.
FALSE. Australia is considered a continent, not an island; Greenland is the largest island.
- ✓ TRUE
Indonesia is an archipelago made up of many thousands of separate islands.
TRUE. Indonesia consists of thousands of islands spread across the equator.
- ✓ TRUE
- Round 3 NATURE
- ✓ TRUE
Honey is so low in moisture and naturally acidic that it resists spoiling, and sealed honey found in ancient tombs has remained edible.
TRUE. Its low water content and acidity prevent most microbes from growing, so it can last essentially indefinitely.
- ✗ FABRICATION
If honey crystallises and turns grainy in the jar, it has spoiled and should be thrown away.
FALSE. Crystallisation is a normal, harmless process; gently warming the jar returns the honey to a liquid.
- ✓ TRUE
Honeybees make honey by repeatedly passing nectar between workers and fanning it with their wings to evaporate water.
TRUE. The process concentrates nectar into the thick, shelf-stable syrup we call honey.
- ✓ TRUE
- Round 4 SCIENCE
- ✗ FABRICATION
Lightning never strikes the same spot twice, because each discharge permanently ruins the air's ability to conduct there.
FALSE. Lightning frequently hits the same place; tall structures get struck many times every year.
- ✓ TRUE
The Empire State Building is hit by lightning roughly 20 to 25 times per year.
TRUE. Its height makes it a favorite lightning target, struck around two dozen times annually.
- ✓ TRUE
Thunder is the sound of air violently expanding after being superheated by a lightning bolt.
TRUE. The bolt heats air explosively, and the rapid expansion creates the shockwave we hear as thunder.
- ✗ FABRICATION
- Round 5 GEOGRAPHY
- ✗ FABRICATION
Turkey's capital is Istanbul, the country's largest city, which uniquely straddles two continents.
FALSE. Turkey's capital is Ankara. Istanbul is the largest city and does span two continents, but it isn't the capital.
- ✓ TRUE
Canada's capital is Ottawa, a city selected as the seat of government by Queen Victoria in the 1850s.
TRUE. Queen Victoria picked Ottawa as capital in 1857, a compromise between English and French Canada.
- ✓ TRUE
Istanbul sits on both the European and Asian sides of the Bosphorus strait.
TRUE. The Bosphorus splits the city, so Istanbul genuinely lies on two continents.
- ✗ FABRICATION
- Round 6 GEOGRAPHY
- ✓ TRUE
Angel Falls in Venezuela is the world's tallest uninterrupted waterfall.
TRUE. Angel Falls has the highest uninterrupted drop of any waterfall, near 979 metres.
- ✓ TRUE
Niagara Falls lies on the border between the United States and Canada.
TRUE. Niagara Falls straddles the U.S.-Canada border between Ontario and New York.
- ✗ FABRICATION
Niagara Falls is the tallest waterfall in the world, with a drop of more than 800 metres.
FALSE. Niagara is only about 50 metres tall; the tallest waterfall is Angel Falls.
- ✓ TRUE
- Round 7 FOOD
- ✓ TRUE
Pineapples are native to South America and were encountered by Europeans in the Caribbean in the late 15th century.
TRUE. The pineapple originated in South America and Europeans first met it during Caribbean voyages around 1493.
- ✗ FABRICATION
The pineapple got its English name because early botanists placed it in the same plant family as pine trees.
FALSE. It was named for looking like a pine cone; the pineapple is a bromeliad and unrelated to pine trees.
- ✓ TRUE
In 18th-century Europe, pineapples were rare luxuries and were sometimes rented out as dinner-table centerpieces.
TRUE. Pineapples were so costly that hosts displayed, and even rented, them as status symbols rather than eating them.
- ✓ TRUE
- Round 8 SPACE
- ✗ FABRICATION
Black holes act as cosmic vacuum cleaners, actively pulling in any matter within several light-years of them.
FALSE. A black hole's gravity behaves like any other mass; you could orbit one safely from a distance, as planets orbit stars.
- ✓ TRUE
The first direct image of a black hole's shadow was released in 2019, showing the giant one in galaxy M87.
TRUE. The Event Horizon Telescope combined dishes worldwide to capture the glowing ring around it.
- ✓ TRUE
Not even light can escape from within a black hole's event horizon, the boundary of no return.
TRUE. Past that boundary, escape velocity exceeds the speed of light, so nothing gets back out.
- ✗ FABRICATION
- Round 9 NATURE
- ✓ TRUE
A 'shooting star' is not a star at all but a small piece of space rock or dust burning up high in the atmosphere.
TRUE. The streak of light is a meteor — a meteoroid heated to incandescence by friction with the air.
- ✗ FABRICATION
Shooting stars are real stars falling out of the sky, and each one leaves a gap in the night sky where the star used to be.
FALSE. The stars remain in place; what falls is a tiny meteoroid burning up, far closer than any star.
- ✓ TRUE
Most meteors that create a visible streak are tiny, often no larger than a grain of sand.
TRUE. Even a dust-sized particle can produce a bright flash as it vaporises.
- ✓ TRUE
- Round 10 NATURE
- ✗ FABRICATION
A glacier is a solid, motionless sheet of ice that never moves or changes within a human lifetime.
FALSE. Glaciers flow continuously, and many advance or retreat measurably within years.
- ✓ TRUE
Glaciers hold most of the world's fresh water, far more than all the rivers and lakes combined.
TRUE. Ice sheets and glaciers lock up the majority of Earth's fresh water.
- ✓ TRUE
Glaciers are slow rivers of ice that flow downhill under their own weight, carving and reshaping valleys as they move.
TRUE. Despite looking solid, glacial ice deforms and creeps downhill over years.
- ✗ FABRICATION